📖 什么是国际贸易术语？
国际贸易术语（Trade Terms）是国际商会（ICC）制定的标准化贸易条件，用于明确买卖双方在货物交付过程中的责任、费用和风险划分。
- Incoterms® 2020：最新版本，包含11种贸易术语
- 核心作用：明确责任划分、费用承担、风险转移点
- 应用场景：国际贸易合同、报价单、信用证等
一、贸易方式 (Trade Terms)
CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) - 到岸价
CFR (Cost and Freight) - 成本加运费
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) - 完税后交货
DAP (Delivered at Place) - 目的地交货
CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) - 运费及保险费付至
FAS (Free Alongside Ship) - 船边交货
二、付款方式 (Payment Terms)
T/T (Telegraphic Transfer) - 电汇
D/P (Documents against Payment) - 付款交单
D/A (Documents against Acceptance) - 承兑交单
CAD (Cash Against Documents) - 凭单付款
Installment Payment - 分期付款
L/C at 30/60/90 days - 30/60/90天期信用证
三、运输相关 (Shipping Terms)
ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival) - 预计到达时间
ETD (Estimated Time of Departure) - 预计出发时间
FCL (Full Container Load) - 整箱
LCL (Less than Container Load) - 拼箱
Consignment - 托运
Container - 集装箱
Pallet - 托盘
Carton - 纸箱
四、单据与证书 (Documents & Certificates)
Packing List - 装箱单
CO (Certificate of Origin) - 原产地证明
Inspection Certificate - 检验证书
HS Code (Harmonized System Code) - 海关编码
Incoterms - 国际贸易术语解释通则
Quotation - 报价单
Order - 订单
Sales Contract - 销售合同
五、费用相关 (Cost Terms)
Custom Duty - 关税
Import Duty - 进口关税
Export Duty - 出口关税
Tariff - 关税
Freight - 运费
Air Freight - 空运费
Ocean Freight - 海运费
Inland Freight - 内陆运费
Wharfage - 码头费
Landing Charges - 卸货费
六、包装与数量 (Packaging & Quantity)
Gross Weight - 毛重
Net Weight - 净重
Volume - 体积
CBM (Cubic Meter) - 立方米
MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity) - 最小起订量
Package - 包装
Piece - 件
Total Amount - 总金额
Gross for Net - 以毛作净
Measurement Ton - 尺码吨
七、其他常用术语 (Other Key Terms)
Counter Trade - 对销贸易
Barter Trade - 易货贸易
Processing Trade - 加工贸易
Re-export Trade - 转口贸易
OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturing) - 贴牌生产
ODM (Original Design Manufacturing) - 原创设计制造
Sole Agency - 独家代理
Distribution Agreement - 分销协议
Quota - 配额
Bonded Warehouse - 保税仓库
八、补充术语 (Additional Terms)
Negotiable B/L - 可转让提单
Non-negotiable B/L - 不可转让提单
Amendment - 合同修正
Appendix - 附录
Slot-sharing Agreement - 共用箱位协议
Vessel Sharing Agreement - 共用舱位协议
Active Service Contract - 有效服务合同
Triangular Trade - 三角贸易
Compensation Trade - 补偿贸易
Bilateral Trade - 双边贸易
九、市场与合同 (Market & Contract)
Spot Price - 现货价格
Forward Price - 期货价格
Current Price - 现行价格
World Market Price - 国际市场价格
Sales Confirmation - 销售确认书
Agreement - 协议
Amendment - 修正合同
Service Contract - 服务合同
Slot Exchange Agreement - 箱位互换协议
Counter Offer - 还盘
十、补充词汇 (Supplementary Terms)
Dumping - 商品倾销
Exchange Dumping - 外汇倾销
Special Preferences - 优惠关税
Favorable Balance of Trade - 贸易顺差
Unfavorable Balance of Trade - 贸易逆差
Import Quota - 进口配额
Free Trade Zone - 自由贸易区
Value of Foreign Trade - 对外贸易值
Shipping Act - 航运法案
Shipper's Association - 托运人协会